白柱万代兰 . Bái zhù wàn dài lán
Vanda brunnea Rchb.f.
Watercolour on paper, 2016
66 x 46 cm
The illustration is in a private collection.
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Ecology: Herbaceous and epiphytic, commonly found on tree trunks in open forests or at forest margins, at elevations of 800–2000 m.
Distribution: South China (Yunnan Province, from Southeast to Southwest); Myanmar; Thailand and Vietnam.
Koruma durumu: According to the China Species Red List, Vanda brunnea has been classified as an endangered (EN) species. As this rare species produces fragrant flowers of outstanding beauty, it is widely collected by local people for sale as an ornamental plant, highly sought after in local orchid markets. In recent times, the species has become increasingly rare due to widespread commercial collecting and requires effective protection.
流苏石斛 . Liú sū shí hú
Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook.
Watercolour paper, 2016
84 x 60 cm
After the project was completed, the illustrations were exhibited at Evin Art Gallery. The original artwork is currently held in private collections.
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Ecology: Epiphytic orchid, occasionally lithophytic, growing on tree trunks or moss-covered rocks in subtropical and tropical forests. It is typically found in open woodlands, forest edges, and along river valleys, at elevations of 300–1800 m.
Distribution: South and Southwest China (including Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong Provinces); Northeast India; Bhutan; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam.
Conservation status: Although Dendrobium fimbriatum is widely distributed, populations are declining due to over-collection and habitat loss. Over-collection for horticultural trade, combined with habitat loss, has led to localised depletion. It is listed under CITES Appendix II, with trade regulated to support its conservation.
海南钻喙兰 . Hǎinán zuān huì lán
Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl.
Watercolour paper, 2016
84 x 60 cm
After the project was completed, the illustrations were exhibited at Evin Art Gallery. The original artwork is currently held in private collections.
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Ecology: Epiphytic on tree trunks in open forests, at elevations of around 1000 m.
Distribution: Hainan; Cambodia; Indonesia; Laos; Malaysia; Singapore; Thailand and Vietnam.
Conservation status: According to the China Species Red List, Rhynchostylis gigantea has been classified as an endangered (EN) species. Deforestation of the tropical habitat in which R. gigantea lives, combined with over-harvesting for commercial sale, has significantly reduced its wild population.
白棉绒兰 . Bái mián róng lán
Dendrolirium lasiopetala (Willd.) S.C.Chen & J.J.Wood
Watercolour paper, 2016
60 x 84 cm
This illustration was exhibited at the 16th Hunt Institute Exhibition in 2019 and is currently held in its permanent collection.
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Ecology: Epiphytic in shaded places in forests, epiphytic on trees along streams and lithophytic on rocks, at elevations of 1,200–1700 m.
Distribution: Southeast Hainan; Hong Kong; Bhutan; Cambodia; India; Laos; Myanmar; Nepal; Thailand and Vietnam.
Conservation status: Dendrolirium lasiopetalum is a rare, geographically restricted orchid threatened by habitat loss and localised collection. Although not widely assessed globally, it is considered vulnerable in parts of its range. Like many orchids, it is listed under CITES Appendix II, with international trade regulated to prevent overexploitation.
禾叶贝母兰 . Hé yè bèi mǔ lán
Coelogyne viscosa Rchb.f.
Watercolour paper, 2016
46 x 66 cm
The illustration is in a private collection.
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Ecology: Herbaceous, usually epiphytic on rocks or trees in forests, at elevations of 750–2000 m.
Distribution: South and Southwest Yunnan; Northeast India; Laos; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand and Vietnam.
Conservation status: According to the China Species Red List, Coelogyne viscosa has been classified as an endangered (EN) species. Habitat loss and fragmentation of C. viscosa have been primarily caused by human economic activities. As this species is increasingly rare, it is essential to minimise the impact of human activities on C. viscosa and ensure its effective protection.
恩西纳尔贝母兰 . En xī nà ěr bèi mǔ lán
Coelogyne lawrenceana Rolfe
Watercolour paper, 2016
66 x 46 cm
This illustration is currently held in the permanent collection of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
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Ecology: Epiphytic orchid, occasionally lithophytic, growing on moss-covered tree trunks and branches in humid montane forests. It is typically found in shaded to semi-open habitats, at elevations of 1,200–2500 m.
Distribution: Northeast India (including Arunachal Pradesh and Assam); Bhutan; Nepal; Northern Myanmar; Southwest China (Yunnan Province).
Conservation status: Coelogyne lawrenceana has a relatively limited distribution and is threatened by habitat loss and localised collection. Like many ornamental orchids, it is subject to pressure from horticultural trade. The species is listed under CITES Appendix II, with international trade regulated to help prevent overexploitation.
彩云兜兰 . Cǎi yún dōu lán
Paphiopedilum wardii Summerh.
Watercolour on paper, 2016
41 x 34 cm
The illustration is in a private collection.
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Ecology: Terrestrial. Found on shaded and steep rocks or near the roots of large trees at forest margins or in forests along streams (1–3 m from water), at elevations of 1200–1700 m.
Distribution: Southwest Yunnan and Myanmar.
Koruma durumu: Flowering from December to March, Paphiopedilum wardii is highly popular with collectors and households alike. To meet market demand, long-term unrestrained collection has driven P. wardii to the brink of extinction. According to the China Species Red List, P. wardii has been classified as a critically endangered (CR) species.
麻栗坡兜兰 . Málìpō dōulán
Paphiopedilum malipoense var. jackii (H.S.Hua) Aver.
Watercolour paper, 2016
41 x 34 cm
The illustration is in a private collection.
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Ecology: Terrestrial or lithophytic. Found on grassy slopes or in humus-rich soil in forests and thickets in limestone areas, at elevations of 1100–1600 m.
Distribution: Southeast Yunnan; Southwest Guizhou; Southwest Guangxi and North Vietnam.
Conservation status: According to the China Species Red List, P. malipoense has been classified as a critically endangered (CR) species. Although P. malipoense is relatively widely distributed, wild populations have become very scarce due to over-harvesting and the biological characteristics of the species itself.
高褶带唇兰 . Gāo zhě dài chún lán
Ania viridifusca (Hook.) Tang & F.T.Wang ex Summerh
Watercolour paper, 2016
84 x 60 cm
The illustration is in a private collection.
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Ecology: Terrestrial. Found in evergreen broad-leaved forests, at elevations of 1,500–2000 m.
Distribution: Northeast, South and Southeast Yunnan; Northeast India; Myanmar; Thailand and Vietnam.
Conservation status: According to the China Species Red List, Ania viridifusca has been classified as a vulnerable (VU) species. Due to its highly ornamental characteristics, this species has been heavily exploited and has become endangered or even locally extinct in recent years. Human activities such as logging and deforestation have destroyed its natural communities to varying extents.
莎叶兰 . Shā yè lán
Cymbidium cyperifolium Wall. ex Lindl.
Watercolour paper, 2016
66 x 46 cm
The illustration is in a private collection.
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Ecology: Terrestrial or lithophytic, autotrophic. Found in forests, rocky places and crevices of rocks, at elevations of 700–1800 m.
Distribution: Guangdong; South Guangxi; Guizhou; Hainan; Sichuan; Yunnan; Bhutan; Cambodia; India; Myanmar; Nepal; Philippines; Thailand and Vietnam.
Conservation status: According to the China Species Red List, Cymbidium cyperifolium has been classified as a near threatened (NT) species. Unless the exhaustive exploitation of this species is brought to an end, it may face extinction in the near future.